Tendonitis vs. Tendinosis: How Can I Tell the Difference?

Whether it's a knee, elbow, shoulder, hip or ankle, nagging tendon pain can stop you in your tracks. And maybe this isn't the first time it's happened. Or maybe it just doesn't seem to get better. You're ready to chalk it up to another bout of tendonitis ' but is that what it really is? Maybe it's tendinosis.

What's worse, tendonitis or tendinosis?

Both painful conditions are forms of'tendinopathy, a broad term for any tendon pain and swelling. Tendon issues are very common, but they aren't all caused by the same problems. Tendonitis (also spelled 'tendinitis') is a more acute injury caused by inflammation. Tendinosis (sometimes spelled 'tendonosis'), on the other hand, is the result of degeneration over time and usually takes longer to resolve.

You have thousands of tendons in your body. These thick, fibrous cords attach to your muscles and bones to help them move as your muscles tighten and relax. They usually help prevent muscle injuries by absorbing some of the impact from running, jumping and other movements. They're resistant to tearing but aren't stretchy. So, they can get injured easily ' and can heal slowly.

Tendon issues are very common, but they aren't all caused by the same problems. Sports medicine physicians'Dominic King, DO, and'Jason Genin, DO,'treat them daily. But do you know which of the two conditions is causing your pain?

'It's important to distinguish between the two conditions because the ultimate treatment can be very different,' Dr. King notes.

Key differences between tendonitis and tendinosis

It might be hard to tell at first glance ' or ache ' what's going on. Tendinitis and tendinosis often look (and feel) similar. When you're trying to remember if you have tendonitis or tendinosis, remember that the 'itis' in tendonitis means inflammation.

When you have'tendonitis, you have a swollen, painful tendon without microscopic damage.'Athletes'often experience tendonitis, but it's not limited to sports injuries. This inflammation can start from:

• Strain.
• Overuse.
• Injuries.

Tendinosis means there is degeneration. And 'osis' typically refers to something abnormal or a more serious condition.'Tendinosis'is tendon damage that doesn't improve or gets worse. It happens when the tendon's flexible, protein-filled'collagen'fibers break down, or degenerate. The tendon gets hard, thick, scarred and rubbery ' and won't bounce back. Some damage may only be visible under a microscope. Tendinosis can start from:

• Trauma
• Osteoarthritis.
• Aging.
• Repeated movements.

Where can I get tendonitis vs. tendinosis?

Both tendonitis and tendinosis can pop up anywhere you have tendons. Common spots are:

• Your'elbow's'outer common extensor tendon.
• Your shoulder's'rotator cuff.
• Your'patellar tendon'that connects your kneecap to your shin bone.
• Your hip's outer'gluteal tendons.
• Your heel's Achilles tendon.

You can also have tendinopathy in your wrists, fingers, biceps and feet.

What are the signs of tendonitis vs. tendinosis?

Despite causing pain in the same spots on your body, tendonitis and tendinosis have distinctly different symptoms in the affected area. The pain from a tendon issue can come on gradually, building up over time, or it can feel sudden and severe.

Common tendonitis signs are:

• Swelling or tightness.
• A dull ache that worsens with movement.
• Tenderness and pain to the touch.

Signs of tendinosis include:

• Pain, stiffness and a burning sensation.
• Pain when you move or touch the area after activity.
• Decreased range of motion.

When you have tendinosis, you sometimes may also get a tender lump in the affected area.

How do providers test for tendonitis vs. tendinosis?

Both conditions are easy to pinpoint using simple tests. A provider may check how well you can move the injured area and how strong it is. They may also do an ultrasound.

'An'ultrasound'can easily detect the swelling and inflammation of tendonitis. It can also flag the chronic degenerative changes caused by tendinosis,' Dr. Genin explains.

Tips for caring for tendonitis vs. tendinosis

Tendonitis care focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing further damage.

When you get tendinosis treatment, your providers will work to repair the damage that's built up over time.

For either condition, your healthcare provider may recommend taking over-the-counter pain medication. This could be acetaminophen (Tylenol'), ibuprofen (Advil' or Motrin') or naproxen (Aleve'). They'll also suggest care tips for tendonitis and tendinosis like:

• Resting the affected area.
• Avoiding repetitive movements.
• Doing physical therapy.

If you have tendonitis, you may also need corticosteroid injections. For tendinosis, you may need more in-depth care like:

• Platelet-rich plasma injections.
• Minimally invasive ultrasonic percutaneous tenotomy.
• Surgery.

Moving in the right direction

No matter what injury you have, one thing is certain. You'll want to get medical care when you first start noticing symptoms. Tendonitis can often be cleared up quickly, usually within six weeks.

'If the pain hasn't subsided by then, you will want to see a doctor,' Dr. King says.

Tendinosis may need comprehensive, longer-term care ' months rather than weeks. Especially if you need surgery. That's why seeing a healthcare provider quickly is important.

You're probably ready to get back into the game as soon as possible. Understanding which injury you have ' and how to care for it ' is the first step in making that happen.